Menopause links
to the expiring menstrual period that signifies the ending stage of
the reproductive cycle. The effect of menopause in women is usually
seen in late forties or early fifties, with the average age being 51
years old. It occurs one year after the last menstrual period and
thereafter the release of ova or eggs comes to an end due to the fact
that ovaries are not able to manufacture them anymore and thus lead
to end fertility process. It first undergoes an intermediate period
called perimenopause stage wherein the variations in hormonal levels
are taking place. The women during this phase needs to understand and
better comprehend with their behavioral changes during this phase.
Oestrogens and progesterone are the two
main female hormones occurring at different phases of the menstrual
cycle. Male hormones, namely testosterone is also present in females
and is released by the ovaries and adrenal glands. The blood level of
oestrogens in females at the beginning of their 40’s shows natural
changes due to the ageing process of ovaries follicles. The
variations in the hormones affects both progesterone and testosterone
levels.
In one of the research study of females
from southeastern China, early menopause was found to be associated
with the dangerous events of developing cardiovascular disease.
Women facing menopause at the age of 46 or less are into the higher
risk of catching osteoporosis. There have been several studies
relating to the relationship with age group and health risks at the
beginning of menarche and menopause. This study included 3304 females
in the age group ranging from 37 to 92. They filled up a 19-item
questionnaire before undergoing diagnostic tests. They were checked
for osteoporosis and diabetes. The females in this group had their
first menstrual period at their sixteen and were found to have
menopause at 50 years old.
When the comparison was checked with
first menstrual period at 16 with those at 18 with first menstrual
period, the result showed that the later i.e females with first
menstrual period at 18 had significant lesser chances of falling
victim to cardiovascular disease. The risk of catching cardiovascular
disease is much higher in 12 years old females with menarche all over
the world. The recent study also found that the menopause at the
earlier onset was linked with significant development of
osteoporosis. Moreover it also concluded that the risk of developing
osteoporosis has significantly lower chances in females older than 50
years. This finding is of great help to identify the females more
prone to osteoporosis or heart disease.
The commonly faced symptoms with
menopause are nocturnal sweats and hot flashes that are found in
females over 45 years of age. Both these symptoms are associated with
sleep disorder and other non-common symptoms being irritability and
mood changes. Lower level of progesterone is associated with
irregular menstruation that can be more abundant and lasts longer as
a result of thick uterine mucosa. This kind of problem in association
with erratic bleeding needs medical attention as these group females
between 40 to 50 years old are more prone to the risk of developing
uterine tumors.
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